In this type of separators, the particles are separated by giving “spin motion” (both circular and vertical motion) to the air stream.
It is used to hold particles up to 50 microns in industrial dust collection systems.
When used before filters, it extends the life of the filter.
High capacities can be achieved by connecting in parallel. The most common type of centrifugal collectors is a cyclone collector. This collector (similar to a cyclone or tornado) separates particles from the air by forcing the air to “spin”. The swirling air “throws” pollutants at the outer edge of the airflow, causing the particles to fall or settle outside the airflow. Cyclone collectors are commonly used as a separator of coarse dust from the air stream and often as a pre-cleaner before an efficient filter and/or as a product separator. Not suitable for collecting fine particles.
The device mainly consists of a vertical cylinder. The lower part has a conical structure. The polluted air entering at high speed from the inlet at the top of the cyclone is given a helical flow form through the cyclone construction, and the particles with higher density than the carrier medium are directed to the cyclone walls by centrifugal force.
Cyclones are used in dedusting systems to hold coarse particles in the air. Cyclones are not suitable for working in fine-grained dusts due to their structure and working principles. Cyclones also act as a first-stage dust catcher before the filter in systems with high dust load, reducing the dust load coming to the filter. In this way, it is possible to use the filter unit more efficiently.
The gas-particle mixture entering from the side pocket is rotated 360°, thanks to the centrifugal force created, dust and particles heavier than air are thrown into the inner wall of the cyclone. In the sections close to the center, the air creates the second vortex. While dust and particles fall from the wall to the lower funnel of the cyclone, the air is directed upwards from the middle part and leaves the cyclone from the outlet. Thanks to the motorized airlock connected to the lower outlet, the solid material separated from the air is poured down. The cyclone is the system that separates the gas and solid matter in the form of mixture with the effect of centrifugal force.
The particles that lose their inertia due to the sudden speed change in the cyclone flow through the cyclone wall and flow into the lower conical collecting bunker. As a result of this mechanism, the gas purified from the dust it contains is given out from the upper part of the cyclone through the outlet pipe in the center of the cyclone. It is used in flue gas washing and filtering systems for the purpose of holding and separating the particles in the flue gases containing fly ash and soot, and air and similar gases containing excessive particles.
Factors Affecting Cyclone Construction
Cyclones are generally designed with a certain pressure loss in mind. Cyclones should generally be designed to operate at gas velocities of 15m/s.
The main design factor that can affect cyclone efficiency is the diameter of the cyclone. A smaller diameter cyclone operating under the same pressure loss will have higher efficiency. In order to separate a certain amount of gas, more than one small diameter cyclone may need to be applied in parallel. This type of application is also called multicyclone arrangement.